Traditional urine culture and urine PCR are the only tests that can identify the causative organism and identify to which antibiotics it is susceptible. Without organism and resistance identification, the likelihood of incomplete or incorrect treatment increases. Patients may receive multiple or extended courses of antibiotics, increasing the risk of side effects such as gastrointestinal upset, vaginal yeast infections, and even more serious consequences such as progression to a kidney infection or sepsis. A recent study of outpatient urine samples reports that antibiotic resistance was found in over 90% of UTI samples, and 80% of the samples were resistant to at least two drugs.
It is well established that antibiotics use, even in short courses, can alter the normal microbial composition of the gastrointestinal tract and vagina, selecting drug-resistant pathogens. A meta-analysis of five studies of UTIs managed in primary care found an increased risk of antibiotic resistance that persisted for up to one year and a higher risk associated with multiple courses of antibiotics (Pujades-Rodruquez et al., 2019).
The bottom line is that if you have UTI symptoms, make sure that you seek care from a credible medical provider with experience treating urinary tract infections. Urine dipsticks are one tool to assess the presence of cells associated with UTI. Testing with urine culture and/or urine PCR is key to make sure the provider is targeting the correct bacteria with an appropriate course of antibiotics based on organism identification and resistance patterns.

















